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-
-
- Network Working Group Randall J. Atkinson
- INTERNET DRAFT Naval Research Laboratory
- 10 July 1993
-
- Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5 Services
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
- Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that
- other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet
- Drafts. This particular draft is a working document of the IETF's
- "IP over ATM" working group.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. This Internet Draft expires on 10 January 1994. Internet
- Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at
- any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference
- material or to cite them other than as a "working draft" or "work in
- progress".
-
- Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet
- Draft directory to learn the current status of this or any other
- Internet Draft.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
-
-
- Default Value for IP MTU over ATM AAL5
-
- Protocols in wide use throughout the Internet, such as the Network
- File System (NFS), currently use large frame sizes. Empirical
- evidence with various applications over TCP indicates that larger MTU
- sizes tend to give better performance. It is desirable to reduce
- fragmentation in the network and thereby enhance performance by
- having the IP Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) for AAL5 be reasonably
- large. NFS defaults to an 8192 byte frame size. Allowing for
- RPC/XDR, UDP, IP, and LLC headers, NFS would prefer a default MTU of
- at least 8300 octets. Routers can sometimes perform better with
- larger packet sizes because most of the costs in routers relate to
- "packets handled" rather than "bytes transferred". Some recent
- research into gigabit IP routers appears to indicate routing
- performance is much better with larger MTU sizes (e.g. near 8K
- octets) rather than smaller MTU sizes (e.g. 1500 octets). So there
- are a number of good reasons to have a reasonably large default MTU
- value for IP over ATM AAL5.
-
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- Atkinson [Page 1]
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- Internet Draft 10 July 1993
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- A very large default MTU size (e.g. 64K octets) would be an
- excessive burden on smaller systems having limited resources. Also,
- a very large default MTU size would be likely to cause significant
- fragmentation in heterogeneous networks that also contain widely
- implemented LAN technologies. Fragmentation is widely understood to
- be harmful. Hence, it is important to pick a default MTU value which
- balances the performance advantages of larger MTUs with the
- implementation and potential fragmentation costs of very large MTUs.
-
- RFC 1209 specifies the IP MTU over SMDS to be 9180 octets, which is
- larger than 8300 octets but still in the same range. [RFC-1209] This
- value is sufficiently small as to not be an excessive burden on
- smaller systems. Also, fragmentation between IP over SMDS and IP
- over AAL5 will be reduced in the most common case by selecting the
- same default MTU value for both. More generally, there is no good
- reason for the default MTU of IP over ATM AAL5 to be different from
- IP over SMDS, given that they will be the same magnitude.
-
- Therefore, the default MTU for IP over ATM AAL5 shall be 9180
- octets. All implementations compliant and conformant with this
- specification shall support this default IP MTU value for use over
- ATM AAL5.
-
-
-
- Minimum Value for IP MTU over ATM AAL5
-
- The smallest acceptable value for the IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5
- is 576 octets, which is necessary to conform with the requirements of
- the Host Requirements RFC and is consistent with the IP
- specification. [RFC-1122, RFC-791] Use of such a small IP MTU value
- is not generally recommended. Before such an MTU value may be used,
- the requirements described in the following section must be adhered
- to.
-
-
-
- MTU Negotation for ATM AAL5
-
- MTU Negotiation is an optional procedure that may be used to
- establish an MTU other than the default by mututal agreement of the
- two endpoints of the ATM connection. This optional procedure uses
- the standard ATM signalling mechanisms (e.g. ITU's Q.93B protocol)
- rather than some IP-specific mechanism. In this RFC, an ATM endpoint
- may be a host or a device which performs IP routing ("router").
-
- [ The procedure described in the remainder of this section is
- slightly out of date now and will soon be revised to realign it with
-
-
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- Atkinson [Page 2]
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- Internet Draft 10 July 1993
-
-
- the ATM Forum's User Network Interface (UNI), Version 3.0 which
- recently was finalised. The author is open to suggestions on how to
- revise the text to realign it. ]
-
- The "Maximum SDU Length" field of the AAL Parameters Information
- Element is used in the SETUP and CONNECT messages of the industry-
- standard ATM signalling protocol (e.g. Q.93B) to negotiate the MTU
- for the Virtual Channel, when negotiation is used. [CCITT92, ATMF93]
-
- If the calling endpoint wishes to negotiate an MTU other than the
- default, it includes the "Maxiumum SDU Length" field in the AAL
- Parameters Information Element in the SETUP message. The value of
- the Maximum SDU Length may range from 576 to 65535 (octets) for use
- with IP. If it is only willing to use the default MTU value, the
- "Maximum SDU Length" field shall not be included.
-
- If the called endpoint receives a SETUP message containing the
- "Maximum SDU Length Field" in the AAL Parameters Information Element,
- it may either:
-
- a) If it is able to accept the MTU value proposed by the calling
- endpoint, set the value of the "Maximum SDU Length Field" equal
- to that received in the SETUP message.
-
- b) If it wishes an MTU value less than that proposed in the
- SETUP message but greater than or equal to 576 octets, set the
- value of the "Maximum SDU Length" field in the CONNECT message
- to the desired value.
-
- c) If it does not wish to negotiate the MTU, shall not include
- the "Maximum SDU Length" field in the connect message.
-
- If a called endpoint receives a SETUP message containing no
- "Maxiumum SDU Length" field in the AAL Parameters Information
- Element, it shall not include the "Maximum SDU Length" field in the
- CONNECT message that it sends (i.e. the called party shall not
- require the calling party to negotiate the MTU).
-
- If the called endpoint incorrectly includes the "Maximum SDU
- Length" field in the CONNECT messages or indicates a value greater
- than that indicated by the calling endpoint in the SETUP message, the
- calling endpoint shall clear the call with cause "Invalid Information
- Element Contents" being indicated.
-
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- Atkinson [Page 3]
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- Internet Draft 10 July 1993
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- Mismatched MTU Sizes
-
- One of the new features of the ATM Forum's UNI 3.0 is that their
- Q.93B derived signalling protocol makes it possible to negotiate a
- different MTU value in the reverse direction than is used in the
- forward direction. Many existing systems will find it difficult to
- support differing forward and reverse IP MTU values in their IP and
- network interface implementations. Therefore, the capability to
- negotiate a different value in the reverse direction from that used
- in the forward direction is not required. A system conforming to
- this specification must not require such mismatched MTU values during
- the ATM call setup.
-
-
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security Considerations are not discussed in this memo.
-
-
-
- Acknowledgements
-
- While all members of the IETF's IP over ATM Working Group have been
- helpful, Vern Schryver, Rob Warnock, Craig Partridge, and Subbu
- Subramaniam have been especially helpful to the author in analysing
- host and router implications of the default IP MTU value. Similarly,
- Dan Grossman provided significant assistance in clarifying the
- optional ATM signalling procedure used to negotiate the IP MTU value.
-
-
-
- References
-
- [RFC-791] Information Sciences Institute, Internet Protocol
- Specification, RFC-791, DDN Network Information Center, September 1981.
-
- [RFC-1122] Braden, R. (Ed.), Requirements for Internet Hosts --
- Communications Layers, RFC-1122, DDN Network Information Center,
- October 1989, pp.58-60.
-
- [RFC-1209] Piscitello, D & J. Lawrence, The Transmission of IP Datagrams
- over the SMDS Service, RFC-1209, DDN Network Information Center, March 1991.
-
- [CCITT92] CCITT Study Group XI/Working Party 6, Draft Text for Q.93B,
- Document TD XI/6-37, Revision 1, March 1992, Geneva, Switzerland.
- (This is most assuredly out of date but continues to be the best
- that I have handy...)
-
-
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- Atkinson [Page 4]
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- Internet Draft 10 July 1993
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-
- [ATMF93] Grace, Jim (ed.), Signalling Specification Draft, Document
- 93-265R5, pp. 40-43, 16 April 1993, ATM Forum.
- (This will be replaced with a reference to ATM Forum's "User Network
- Interface" specification Version 3 in the next revision of this draft)
-
- Disclaimer
-
- Author's organisation provided for identification purposes only.
- This document presents the author's views and is not necessarily the
- official opinion of his employer.
-
- Author Information
-
- Randall J. Atkinson <atkinson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
-
- Information Technology Division
- Naval Research Laboratory
- Washington, DC 20375
- USA
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- Atkinson [Page 5]
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